Political history of Mausi Ground to Liaqat Abad ranges
Political history of Mausi Ground to Liaqat Abad ranges
The general election year is 2018. It is a common thing to compete with jealous gatherings before the elections. These are the celebrations, through which political parties express their illusion of their power, through them they want to split it on the masses that their party does not exist in the field of politics, but also other parties But there is a difference. The celebration procession is organized or organized, can not be denied by their importance in any way, ultimately through awareness, consciousness and political training can be done through the public. People participate in these celebrations and give practical evidence that they are still alive, have political insights and stand up with their leaders at the same time. It does not make any difference whether the party is small or bigger. The main thing is to bring leaders' speeches into public interest.
If the purpose of political speeches is to go for political speeches, instead of letting the opponents to find serious and late solutions of public problems, they make a deep impact on the people, and such speeches reach the depths of the people's hearts. . These are the only ones through which it can be estimated that any politician is wise, intellectual, far blind and determined, based on the same specimens and beliefs, the people vote for their leader. There was a time when speeches were held in open fields. Such fields were spread over a wide range of areas, which used to address the political influences as "political clerks". Such shores in which the masses of the people just came to the ass to hear the courageous speech of their leader and leader. But over time, political rallies have turned the streets, streets and bridges away from the arena, where less people look more Are there It is quite possible that one of the reasons why political parties have not been under care due to lack of care or ban has been banned. For the interest of the readers, such a few important political spots are presenting short stories of rallies, which are either restricted to cricket, soccer or turn them into Parks for providing cheap entertainment to the public. Is.
Moti door
One of the oldest rallies in Lahore is also the "Mochi Door". Which has become the main chapter of the country's history of political history. Until the survival of democracy, Pakistan has witnessed many major movements and movements. Therefore, in the democratic period, big political movements and political movements of political leaders have been born from here. As it is said, who did not see Lahore, he did not see anything, exactly it is said, the political party did not make a rally in the Mochi garden as if he did not step into politics. This is the reason why every politician wishes he should be here once again. If his chances succeed, he succeeded in raising other parties, in fact, he and his team need hard work. It is said that if the political popularity of any politician to be seen by the 80s, even seeing the public assembly in Mohichi Bagh Put on Almaty addressed the famous politicians and leaders of the sanctuary in this historic field. There are several important policies including Allama Iqbal, Qaida leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Jawaharlal Nehru, Khan Abdul Alfraz Khan, Hussain Shaheed Sohrabdi, Liaqat Ali Khan, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif, Shahbaz Sharif.
If you look at its history, it will be known that its ancient name was "Pearl Door". Kanha Lal describes the "Mochi door" in the history of Lahore, saying, "This visit was organized by the name" Moti Ram Jammadar "in the Akabar Testament," Moti Ram Jadadar ", which protects the door As usual During this period, when foreign invaders turned towards Lahore, he did not care about life, protecting the city, instead of his strategy and intelligence, did not allow the attackers to enter the door. The name of the casting was attributed to its name ". But during the Sikh era, the name of this door was pitched from pearls and became a moti. According to historians, one of the main reasons is to set up 'Mochaches' in the inner Mohochi gate. Since now, this door is identified by the name of a moti gate.
Even after the years passed, this door is of political significance and is considered to be the main center of the country's political history. There is no doubt that the choice of place is also important in the success of the festival. This is the reason that Mohiqui is the first to celebrate the name of the door, which is the first scenario of mind, in 1965, the daughter of Muttahida Qaumi Movement, Fatima Jinnah, is a rally against Ayub Khan. In which more than one million people attended. Most of whom came from far away to see just one glimpse of the dead nation. Therefore, in the electoral process, the police checkpoint was built under a large old tree in front of the mosque instead of the Mosaic Gate, so that people could see the dead nation. The functions of this ceremony were performed by prominent Mumtaz Gupta, leading politics, when Sardar Zafarullah was the Secretary of State.
Maulana Modi in the same Mochi gate called for the sanitation of Jamaat-e-Islami, because of bad health. In Lahore, the biggest rally in the initial rallies of "Tehrik-e-Insaf-ul-Qadri" was also in this slaughter door, which led to PPP's failure. After the celebration, Muttaqq-e-Iqbal has emerged as a big party.
Despite the ex-East Pakistan, the leaders of the most popular in the people of Lahore include Hussain Shaheed Sohrabdi besides Sheikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman and Maulana Bhashani. He did big and successful rallies in Mohichi Bagh in 1970. It was the result of these rituals that Sheikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman's party achieved a huge majority in the general elections in the 1970s. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's party faced defeat.

Before taking over power in 1971, people involved in the rally of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. In this same moti gate, Nawab Akbar Bugti addressed the public that historian, after which Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto appointed him governor of Balochistan.
In 1993, Benazir Bhutto had rushed here. Later, around the past, over the past few decades, the Muchi Bagh expelled the political scene. Today, car parking around it is inconvenient occupation of waste and smoke pumps. Which has turned to Musi Gate's beauty and political celebrations are now held here only.
Cookie Ground
The historical background of the Pak-land is clearly found in the Karachi-based book 'Karki Sindhji Marri'. In which 'Gul Hassan Kalami' writes that from 1911 to 12 it was the Ground Lari river river pass, and instead, due to different reasons the stream changed, due to which it became pitched, which filled the rocks The field was made. Due to the lot of peasants, his name was "Concrete Ground", which later worsened and became a "Bakery Ground". This land was gaining political significance before Pakistan, which can be estimated here by the great leader of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Taliban Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar, after which the name of the land changed Mohammad Ali Johar Park was placed. But it is still known as the Deck Ground.
After the formation of this field, this field used to be a gathering of several important political leaders in the sixth and seventh decades. But in 1967, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, founder of Pakistan Peoples Party's founder, organized the rally, who stirred on streets and streets of Lyari, this gathering was gathered at Kakar Ground, where Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto addressed the rally after Karachi I announced to establish the party's first office, which led to the formation of the Pakistan Peoples Party's fort, as many important leaders of the country in this park addressed political parties, including Mian Nawaz Sharif, Imran Khan, Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo, Sardar Attaullah Mengal, Nawab Khair Bakhtiar Marri, and Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti. But the political party was not successful in eradication of the PPP which left the party on Lariari.
According to the Rahim Bakht Azad, independent leader of Karachi Peoples Party, who had access to Karachi's political history, leaders like Tehrik-e-Azam leader Maulana Abdullah Sohail, Muhammad Sadeq Khandeyer and Maulana Modedi were important in the field of agriculture. Historians celebrated. He also said, "The Kakri Ground, a political outbreak in the playing field, was made when the officer royal tried to hand over this land to Karachi port in the martial era of 1962, Ayub Khan, on which Lyari basins Expressed annoyance. Meanwhile, a rally was held against one unit, which addressed key Baloch leaders including Atalullah Mengal and Nawab Khair Bakhtiar Marri. "
When in 1986, when former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto Shaheed finished his exile, he returned to the country, even in the first Friday in the Kolkata Ground in Sindh. This was the ground where Benazir Bhutto Shaheed and former President Asif Ali Zardari's wedding ceremony was held.
Unfortunately, in the PPP government's far-off government, large trees present on the park were built and shops were built in place, due to which the beauty of the park was deemed. Today, in addition to cricket, football and boxing stadium in the park, there is also a gymnazium hall, where there is a chance to play a child while older people spend time playing cards. On the other hand, there are dirty pots in the place where dirt starts from the entrance. Now, other PPP parties, including PPP, hold political gatherings here for a short time, as the PPP leader senior leader Taj Haider said, "There is no Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in the party today, which is from the people of such a vast land. All the money ". Therefore, political parties have begun using public roads as pilots.
Less park
"Nathar Park" is situated in the Persian capital of MA Jinnah, the famous city of Karachi, especially in the country's political history. Nashtr Park, which was named as "leader of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Sardar Abdul Nabhar", was known as "Patel Park" at some time. It was then named after the Congress leader "Wallabhai Bhatti Patel". Although today it is recognized only with religious gatherings, but in the 60s and 70s, the park was counted in the country's major political figures. According to the famous journalist Abdul Hameed Chapra, "Muttahida Fatima Jinnah is a rage against Ayub Khan before the presidential election in the historic and historic rally in the Nashar Park held in 1965. In which more than a million people had attended. It is clear that there are only 40,000 people in this park, but despite the lack of facilities, large number of people participate in the celebration and work it. Made it Despite successful rallies in the country's various rallies, Ms. Fatima Jinnah had to face defeat, when Ayub Khan was elected as a president by heavy majority.
On January 4, 1970, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, founder of the PPP, addressed the rally in Nathar Park, which was part of his election campaign before the general elections in 1970. Apart from Bhutto, Public League leader Sheikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman and National Awami Party leader Maulana Abdul Hameed Khan Bhashani also conducted work here before the seventh general elections. Shaykh Mujibur Rehman's jirga is also important in these rituals, because it had a large number of Bengalis, who had never been in Karachi before this.
During the elections in the 1970s, the gathering held by Jamaat-e-Islami was very important and important. "There was only six seats in the National Assembly in Karachi," according to former Jamaat-e-Islami deputy Abdul Rashid Bapat (Jamaat-e-Islami), who participated in this gathering. On April 30, the rallies led by each constituent candidate arrived at MA Jinnah Road and left there to Nashtr Park, where Jillah was held. Which was a huge gathering. But this was proved to be the enemy of the Jamaat-e-Islami, because seeing the popularity of the party, other religious parties were also brought into the field and Jamaat-i-Islami was pushed back under a planned plan. "
In 1976, the Pakistan Peoples Party Alliance (PPP National Alliance), which had seven parties, including the National Party and Jamaat-e-Islami, made a rally against the President Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. The number of this rally is also done in large parts of the park.
Altaf Hussain, founder of the United Nations Movement in 1986, raised loud rites while raising the rights of refugees in Nashtr Park, where he announced the formation of a separate political party Muhajir National Movement (MQM) for the refugees. Later the name of the party was changed and the United Nations Movement was placed. After this celebration many other political and religious parties celebrated important events, but this regard was considered as under the MQM headquarters.
Remembering the bomb blast on April 11, 2006, on the occasion of Eid Miladalbanbi in the Nathar Park located in the old area of the city, Solgar Bazaar, is still fresh in public minds. At least six people were killed and more than a hundred injured in the park held in this park. In this event, the head of the Sunni movement, Abbas Qadri, along with the central leadership, Muttahida Qaumi Movement leader and Mumtaz Al-Din, Haji Mohammad Hanif Baloch, and former provincial minister and member provincial assembly Hafiz Muhammad Taqi were also martyred. Most people believe that despite the worsening situation in the city, there are political gatherings in Nashtar Park. Now this park is recognized only with the Mahalma-ulam's Majlis and the religious gatherings like Bara Riba Al-Rulings. The late Abdul Rashid bagged disappointment in one of his interviews with national politics and said, "There is no time for the Jalsa Jirga, so do not let the Jailans go. Let's go Now political parties choose major highways instead of any political ritual, for which the Jinnah Road and the highway Liaqat are remarkable. "
Mainland Pakistan
At Gulshan Iqbal Park somewhere, say Minto Park, or call Iqbal Bagh, these three names belong to the same garden. It is the main garden of the city spread over 67 acres in Lahore, which is not only political, but also historically important. This is the garden where in 1929, the Indian National Congress announced the independence of India after officially declared the Indian flag after the Lahore session and rejected the demand for the separation of the Muslims of the Muslim country, which was only 11 years after March 23, 1940. The Muslim League of the Muslim League organized a meeting presiding over the leadership of the leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which was adopted unanimously in the resolution Lahore (hereafter referred to as the contractor Pakistan). In this great gathering, more than a million Muslims had attended. Regarding this contract, a regular start of the separation of Muslims and movement of Muslims for the Muslims It was done, which was named as Tehrik-e-Pakistan. Just seven years after the approval of the contract, Pakistan emerged on the map of the world. After the formation of Pakistan, 60 meters highway was constructed at the same place in Manto Park, which was named "Manarar Pakistan" in the memory of TTP. After being attributed to the name of the same manar, the ground was named "Manarar Pakistan Ground". If it is said that it will not be wrong if Munto Park is a milestone in Lahore's historical journey to Pakistan. In every period, political parties started their movement from here. The jurists here have left unresponsive impressions on national politics. Every political and religious party of Pakistan got the honor of celebrating the gathering here. When in 1970, when Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's party could not get more than 33 percent of the total seats in Pakistan, he stood here and addressed Sheikh Sheikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman.
On 10 April 1986 Benazir Bhutto martyred the Manarar Ground in Pakistan and claimed that more than a million people were participated in the rally. Jamaat-e-Islami has made a three-day gathering organized by Amir Qazi Hussain Ahmed. MQM launched the first successful jirga in Pakistan on 14 August 2000 at the premises of Pakistan. This event was against former President Pervez Musharraf. Defense Pakistan Conference under the Defense Pakistan Council was also held in Manarar Pakistan's vegetable. "Quran and Sunnah Conference" in July 1, 2012 The great gathering of this was also done here. The Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) made a successful rally on 30 October 2011 and then on March 23, 2013, under the shadow of Manyar Pakistan. A few days later Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam also demonstrated its political power on March 31, when this garden suffered severe damage in the incident on March 26, 2016, after which the Punjab government rebuilt it On the inspiration of the citizens, the celebrations have banned the marches. On the other hand, the government has given the status of Nasir Bagh Kohi Park for the problems of traffic restrictions in Lahore and keeping the order of court order in this regard, for the rallies and fires.
Liaqat National Park
The garden located in Rawalpindi, which is known as Liaqat National Bagh or Liaqat Bagh, is not a common garden, but it has a special significance in the country's political history. Which can also be properly evaluated with its geographic position and two bitter memories. We will first consider its geographic importance. This garden is batch between Rawalpindi, so it can not be reached only in the inner city but also from suburbs. This garden is counted in the national parks of Pakistan. "Rawalpindi Press Club" is located in its beliefs, which is the main reason for interest in this garden of most political parties. Even if it is also the center of the city, that is why the smallest gathering or political events held here are also given special importance. But with a club club, Lacqua Sports Complex is located, where sports competitions are held at different levels.
Being located in the city center, is also a matter of importance in the political history and holding of its political gatherings. There are more than one million people in this rented area. Not only is it easy to access people from Rawalpindi but also other cities, so that all the political parties want to show their political power by burning them here, because there are two bitter memories of this country's political history, the first Pakistan First Prime Minister Liaqat Ali Khan is related to the martyrdom and second, the murder of the first woman Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.
قیام پاکستان کے صرف چار برس بعد 16 اکتوبر 1951ء کو سرما کی سرد شام میں نوابزادہ لیاقت علی خان پونے چار بجے جلسہ گاہ یعنی کمپنی باغ راولپنڈی پہنچے، جہاں انہیں پاکستان مسلم لیگ کے جلسہ عام سے خطاب کرنا تھا۔ مسلم لیگ کے ضلعی رہنما شیخ مسعود صادق کے خطبہ استقبالیہ کے بعد وزیراعظم مائیک پر آئے۔ انہوں نے ابھی ’’برادران ملت‘‘ کے الفاظ ادا ہی کیے تھے کہ، جلسہ گاہ میں موجود ایک شخص نے وزیر اعظم پر یکے بعد دیگرے دو گولیاں چلا کر انہیں شہید کر دیا۔ اس سانحے کے بعد ’’کمپنی باغ‘‘ کا نام وزیر اعظم خان لیاقت علی خان کے نام سے منسوب کرکے’’لیاقت باغ‘‘ رکھ دیا گیا۔
Shahid Liaqat from Liaqat Bagh, memories of history of celebration of Ali Khan, is also increasing its political significance, that is why political leaders of every covenant want them to burn here, memories of martyrdom nation Refresh and be surprised in the public that was at that time. The same wanted Shaheed Benazir Bhutto too, for he only addressed two months after his return to the country on December 27, 2007 in Rawalpindi Liaqat Bagh, and asked him to vote in upcoming elections. Hopefully successful. At around 6 pm near 18 minutes, when they left for the refugee camp, at the same time an suicide bomber blew himself up and attacked himself. In which 24 people including Benazir Bhutto and the attack were killed when several others were injured.
There were several important events held here, including the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) on May 27, 2012. Since the PTI had boycotted the 2008 general elections, 2013 elections were very important for them. His rally was successful, but he did not get any success from the circle, but the effect of this burning was that in the second six constituencies of the city, two seats in the National Assembly were successful in their names. Apart from this, the general political gathering held under the Tehreek-e-Insaf-e-Tehreek-i-Insaf (MQM) was also held in Liaqat Bagh, in which a large number of people participated and made it successful. But despite many important and successful rallies, even today, Liaqat Bagh today is killed by two politicians, if they are identified in any respect. Shaheed Mulk Khan Liaqat Ali Khan and Benazir Bhutto Shaheed.
Polo Ground
Polo Ground changed in different periods. Sometimes it is called Sher Pao Garden, but sometimes Gulshan Jinnah but still known as Polo Ground. It is the same land, which has a capacity of two million people spread over twenty acres, where the first Governor General of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, took oath and was released from the first march after independence. Among the list of political rallies, this land is also popular for admiration besides the festival of Eden. As soon as evening, local people come here to walk in a walk-in, exercise and fresh air-conditioned atmosphere. When young people play football and cricket here their favors meet. If we talk about the recent events in this land, the PTI had a successful rally on 25 December 2011 before the last general elections. In which twenty-five shuttle services are managed for participants So they did not have to face any of the problems in reaching the rally. Also, chairs were also organized in the jurisdiction to sit for six thousand people. However, there are about two million people in this land. After just two months of this event, MQM also took a rally for women's rights in the same ground on February 19 to lay down its political thread. Whose slogan "empowered women." Strong Pakistan ". In this event a 36-foot high-level stage was arranged, while more than a million chairs were organized for the participants. I picked up a rally. Whose slogan "empowered women." Strong Pakistan ". In this event a 36-foot high-level stage was arranged, while more than a million chairs were organized for the participants. I picked up a rally. Whose slogan "empowered women." Strong Pakistan ". In this event a 36-foot high-level stage was arranged, while more than a million chairs were organized for the participants.
Akhtar Baloch writes in his article on the ground history, writing that the Polo Ground was actually part of the Hindu Jammu. The Polo Ground also went to the Hindu Jammu in the hands of Hindus after the division of Hindus. After distribution division, Karachi was made in Pakistan on August 14, in the military parade polo ground. According to them, in the 1965 war, sixty-five weapons were displayed in the Polo Ground.
In 1962, when Ayub Khan made the Convention League to continue his dictatorship, his first rally was held at Palo Ground in Karachi. At the same time, the university ordinance was issued to prevent students from heading the head of the government. Under which the Vice Chancellors had the authority to cancel any degree, but also the degree of entry in any of the students involved in unwanted political activities. It was decided by the National Students Federation that protest will be recorded in the convention of the Convention. Renowned political leader Mirajan Muhammad Khan was abducted as the leader of this protest. According to Akhtar Baloch, he ((Miraj Mohammad Khan's late lord) describes this protest story that "Ayub Khan's era had a ban on political activities. Instead of two-year degree course for students, three-year degree course was introduced. With this increase in fees and the university Ordinance issued. Due to which there was a severe anxiety in the students. The real problem was to enter the ground for protest in the Polo Grove's rally. Leari's "Sherro Dadal" was hired by the government to prevent adulteration and misconduct in the rally. It is clear that Dad Mohammad alias Dadl Lari was the father of the late committee, Rehman Baloch, head of the committee. One day before the rally, students and students met him in Lyari. Initially, he refused to cooperate with any kind of cooperation. He allowed fifteen minutes later. On the next day, the students of the student organization entered the rented banners in the hands of the people. Ali Mukhtar Rizvi along with me, Syed Saeed Hassan and Fateh Khan Khan climbed on stage. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Syed Saeed Hassan were also present at the occasion, but we succeeded in passing the contract for university ordinance, fees and three-year degree courses. The next morning the Passover was burnt. Due to which we all were Karachi Karachi next day. " According to Miraj Mohammad Khan, a revolutionary poet Habib Jabb wrote a series of similar protests and Karachi incident, as well.
The one who bounced his body in the atmosphere
The throat drove it out of the city
That's why I'm glad to have a good night
That we put ourselves in the morning
Researcher Aqil Abbas Jafri writes on his book "Karachi Chronicle" page number 205, regarding the Badari city of Karachi 12, writes, "On 12 September 1962 Governor West Pakistan Malik Amir Mohammad Khan (Nawab Kal Bagh) Fourteen students issued orders to make the city worse under the Public Safety Adaptence of West Pakistan. In this order, it was stated that these students were constantly participating in such activities, which are harmful for peace and educational discipline. The twelve students who had been abducted under the orders were conquered by Fateh Ali Khan, Hussain Naqi, Syed Saeed Hassan, Miraj Muhammad Khan, Khurram Mirza, Nawaz Butt, Single Bashir, Jawahar Hussain, Ali Mukhtar Rizvi. , Beginner Jafri, Nafees Siddiqui and Amir Haider Kashmi. After Karachi, the city was banned from entering Karachi, Hyderabad, Peshawar, Rawalpindi and Multan. Due to which the students reside in Sukkur. One month later On October 11, 1962, the commands of the students of the city were revoked. After which the students reached Karachi via Sharro (a train coming from Lahore to Karachi), Karachi's people welcomed them and were taken to their homes as a procession. In this case, Raheer Amhavari wrote in a book in his book, please see.
You proved to be with determination
Life is your living life practical
You are the architect of artwork
Students and students! Live and air
Akhtar Baloch writes in his article that, after the Polo Ground, his name was named "Sher Pao Garden", known as the leading political leader Hayat Sherpao. It is clear that during the decade of Hayat Mohammad Sherpao 70, the former province of NWFP and the recent Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were the prominent leader of Pakistan Peoples Party. Who was killed on a bomb blast on February 8, 1975. After the end of the Bhutto government, it was named 'Bagh Qadri' or 'Gulshan Jinnah' during the time of General Zia ul Haq. But those who say, "think of worshiping the language of God is considered to be God," even in language creation it is Polo Gordon.
Tankey ground
During the period of the founding chairman of the Pakistan People's Party, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto during the reign of 1972, Prime Minister Sindh, Mumtaz Bhutto decided to give Sindhi language status to the Sindhi language, then there is a lot of linguistic riots between Urdu and Sindhi speakers in Karachi. In these riots, six people belonging to Urdu were killed. Later, the Café was implemented in the city and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto decided after talks with the leaders of both the units settled in the province, that the Urdu language would remain national, but Sindhi, in official, private and educational institutions will be taught in Sindh and Sindh province The official language of Sindhi will be Sindhi. In the memory of these six martyrs who were martyred in Urdu language dispute, the ground was named "Honeywai Urdu Ground" in the FC area of Liaqatabad. It is clear that this is the same dispute, which, according to his remarks, Riznam Amhari has a funeral of Urdu. It was written out. Soon here, Tinkey was set to be identified by Tankey Ground. In the 80s, the political party of Urdu speaking speakers, "Mehajir National Moments" conducted several rounds in which thousands of people attended and succeeded. The same situation has created an impression that this area is a mound of MQM.
Hakim Mohammad Saeed Park
Whoever does not know the founder Hakim Mohammad Saeed, founder of Hamdarded Pakistan and Hamdarded University founder, religion, medicine, and wisdom, Hameed Mohammad Saeed Park and its associated soccer playground attributed to his name Days of news made the news, when the Pakistan Peoples Party and Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's workers were confronted with the same position in the same place - holding hold of Hakim Saeed Ground in which many people were injured and the administration Had to ask the police and Rangers heavy heights. If we look at the political history of this land, we have never been held here for the past, but Bakir was used to gather alerts, PSL parking and festivals on the Eid. Nowhere local youth play cricket and football when some people get training to drive.
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